Landscape ecology
The term landscape ecology refers to the study of relationship between different ecosystems in the same area. Landscape ecology is the science of studying and improving relationships between urban development and ecological processes in the environment and particular ecosystems. In order to develop its study a number of landscape scales were made and then a number of spatial patterns were designed. The scholars made a variety of research and policies at organizational level.
This can be understood with the help of the example. We see that in a particular area there are present the land ecosystem, the aquatic ecosystem, the animal ecosystem and the biotic and the in biotic factors interact with each other. They organisms are divided into the primary consumers the secondary consumers and the tertiary consumers. The presence of one type of organisms affects the presence of other type of organisms. In landscape ecology we measure that how different parts of a landscape differ from one another and how the landscape affects the abundance of organism.
Note that in the pond ecosystem, the producers which are mainly phytoplankton such as algae, bacteria,etc. are maximum in number; the herbivores(primary consumers) like very small fish, rotifers etc. are lesser in number than the producers; and the secondary consumers (carnivores),such as water beetles and small fish, etc. are lesser in number than the herbivores. Finally, the top tertiary consumers like bigger fish and birds are least in number.
Similarly, in grassland, the producers which are mainly grasses are always maximum in number. This number then shows a successive decrease towards the apex. The primary consumers which are rabbits, mice, etc. are lesser in number than the grasses; the secondary consumers, the snakes and lizard are lesser in number than the rabbits and mice. Finally, the top consumers, the hawks and birds, are least in number.
In landscape ecology we see that in a particular area of the ecosystems are present? How the environment affects the habitat of the organisms in a particular area. In it for example, the amount of forest or wetland, the length of forest edge, or the density of roads can be aspects of landscape composition. In case of ecology we use certain terms such as patch which is an area different from its surrounding, the term connectivity refers to see the different relationship in an area, boundary is the edge where the ecosystem ends and the Eco-tones can arise naturally, such as a lake-shore, or can be human-created, such as a cleared agricultural field.
In case of producers there are grasses and small herbs. Consumers occur as primary consumers which consist of herbivores insect like grasshopper, millipede, and other large animals such as rabbits, field mice, etc. Secondary consumers are the carnivorous animals, feeding on the herbivores. These include the animals like beetles, crickets, snakes, frogs, lizards, birds etc. Sometimes the kites, eagles and hawks feed on secondary consumers i.e. snakes and birds, thus occupying the position of tertiary consumers in the food chains.
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